Node.js® is an open-source, cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment.

As an asynchronous event-driven JavaScript runtime, Node.js is designed to build scalable network applications. In the following “hello world" example, many connections can be handled concurrently. Upon each connection, the callback is fired, but if there is no work to be done, Node.js will sleep.

Parts of Node.js

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Modules

Modules are like JavaScript libraries that can be used in a Node.js application to include a set of functions.

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Cluster

Node.js is built-on on the concept of single-threaded programming.

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Error Handling

Node.js applications experience four types of errors.

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Buffer

Buffer is a module that allows the handling of streams that contain only binary data.

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DNS

DNS module is used to connect to a DNS server and perform name resolution.

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Console

The console module provides a method for debugging similar to the basic JavaScript console provided by internet browsers.

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Global

Global objects in Node.js are available in all modules.

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Streaming

Streams are the objects that let you read data or write data continuously.

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Domain

The domain module intercepts errors that remain unhandled.

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Debugger

Node.js includes a debugging utility that can be accessed by a built-in debugging client.